The Paper Motif in Invisible Man :: Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man

Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man depicts a realistic society where albumen people act as if black people ar less than human. Ellison uses papers and letters to show the narrators poor position in this society. Many papers seem to show good fortune for the narrator, but only provide false dreams. The narrators prize of a abbreviated case containing his scholarship first illustrates this falsehood take this prize and keep it well. Consider it a badge of office. Prize it. Keep developing as you are and some day it will be filled with important papers that will help shape the destiny of your people (32). The narrator is filled with satisfaction from receiving his scholarship and brief case but subconsciously knows of the shallowness of the superintendents heart felt speech. Ellison shows this subconscious knowledge through the narrators dream of receiving a letter of deep and truthful meaning And I did and in it I found an engraved document containing a short pass on in letters of gold To Whom It May Concern, I intoned. Keep This Nigger-Boy Running (33). Even though it is just a dream, the uninfected people actually do want to keep the narrator and his race running after false dreams. Another example of the bad associated with papers is when the brotherhood gives the narrator an envelope containing a new name on a piece of paper, replacing his identityThis is your new identity, Brother Jack said. Open it. Inside I found a name written on a slip of paper.That is your new name, Brother Jack said. Start thinking of yourself by that name from this moment. Get it down so that if you are called in the middle of the night you will respond. Very soon you shall be known by it all over the country. You are to answer to no other, understand (302)?The fact that the narrator has been given a new identity and is not sure which one is himself means that the he has no identity at all I would do the work but I would be no one except myself--whoever I was (303).The hospital relea se forms illustrate the white mans way of making the narrator less than human by depriving him of his work at the company the doctor will not let him work You arent ready for the rigors of industry. Now I want you to rest, undertake a period of convalescence.

How WW Jacobs Creates a Sense of Horror in The Monkey’s Paw Essays

Jacobs creates a sense of horror in The diddles hand by using a variety of literary techniques. As The Monkeys bridge player was pen in 1902, Jacobs makes the level scary in ways that are very different to modern horror films and books. We can tell that the story was written in the early twentieth century as it contains many details that would have been common in Victorian literature. One of the most obvious features from The Monkeys Paw that tells us that the story was written over a century ago, is the old-fashioned language that Jacobs uses. The language used throughout the story contains haggle such as rubicund and visage, which are not words that are commonly used today. Also, the fact that 200 was considered to be a serve of money shows that the story was from a long time ago as 200 is not seen as a large amount of money in the modern world. Other aspects of the story also show that The Monkeys Paw was written in the Victorian time period - the fact that India was seen a s a new, exotic and unexplored country tells us that the story must have been written in a time when transport wasnt as easily available as it is today. In the story, when the Sergeant-Major tells the Whites about his exploration, they seem almost in awe of him as he is seen to be the bravest and most adventurous somebody that they have ever met because of his journey to India. The fact that Jacobs used a Sergeant-Major character is also another typical feature of Victorian literature. Finally, the household objects that the Whites use in The Monkeys Paw show that the story was not set in modern times. For example, the Whites use candles for light and heat their kettle on a fire as there was no electricity in Victorian times.As The Monkeys Paw... ...f seeing whether their wish has come true.I judge that WW Jacobs is a very powerful and intelligent writer who has cleverly used every possible feature in the story of The Monkeys Paw to create a sense of horror. The literary technique s that he uses are very typical to those of most short stories written in Victorian times. Personally, I speak out that these techniques, such as the mystery of the unknown, are a great deal scarier and build up a much better sense of tension than grant day horror stories. Modern horror films and books mainly use gore, wounds and blood to create the element of disgust that generates the most profit. However, I think that Jacobs cleverly uses acute details and suggestion in The Monkeys Paw to develop a sense of terror throughout the story, and this is what creates a classic horror story that really plays with the readers mind.

College Radio Struggles to be Heard :: School Entertainment Essays

College Radio Struggles to be HeardTen watts of fury, screams current WBCN nighttime deejay Deek, as he sits in his Boylston street studio. Ten watts, which is low by todays wireless standards, certainly doesnt describe the Infinity-owned rock station that hands him his bi-weekly paycheck. However, it does describe the place where he, along with so many different deejays, got their start on the road to a professional communicate career -- college radio.Less than two miles away from WBCN stands the center of Deeks on-air jokes. Ten watts of fury, WRBB, is Northeasterns student and community radio station. The community half of that description is oft left out, but it clearly shouldnt be.College radio has always been an outlet for students to aim about industry, while also using it as a tool to voice their opinion. Its a chance to vent, plain and simple, said Evan Slippy Schneider, a WRBB deejay. Where else can college kids speak to large crowds and (whine) and moan about the runa rounds NU gives us? The large crowds Schneider speaks of dont accurately reflect the typical college radio audience. We realize in that respect are only so many people you can reach with a two-mile signal, said current WRBB Station manager Kristen Aldrich. Thats why we turn over a conscious effort to involve the community.With increasing restrictions in rules and regulations of college station, any type of involvement of outside university members would seen beneficial. I think were one of the hardly a(prenominal) stations who allow community members to have their own show, says Aldrich. Its great to get on-air personalities with a different perspective. Another reason to listen to WRBB.The Boston radio scene has changed a great deal since WRBBs inception in 1968. Amid all of the corporate turnover and company buyouts, college radio in Boston is often left out of the important radio history of the ninth-largest media market in the country. Like any medium, there have been numerou s changes to the sound of Boston radio over the years. According to some, the digital revolution, involving modern technology, has become the largest change the radio industry has had to deal with. As difficult as it may be for stations to adjust to these changes, it is even harder for college stations. For years lack of funding and state-of-the-art equipment has become the largest obstacle for college stations. Recently the state of college radio has been influx due to programming and procure issues that have affected the sound of local programming.

Problem Television Programs :: essays research papers

Problem ProgramsRobert MacNeil began his article the, The Trouble With Television, with the overwhelming statistic that the average television viewer squanders one thousand hours per year watching television programming (MacNeil). One thousand hours is a tremendous amount of time squandered watching programs with unchallenging content, this time could be better spent earning a college degree or perhaps earning various languages (MacNeil). I concur with MacNeil that television does discourage concentration and applied effort for the reason that viewing audience spend an ebullient amount of time watching un sophisticate and undemanding programming rather then engaging in activities that will further develop the viewers critical thinking.In MacNeils article he asserts that viewers waste an excessive amount of tome watching television that is brief and unchallenging. He also adds that programmers intentionally create brief and rousing programs in hopes of achieving the goal of expos ing viewers to their advertisements so that a profitable outcome can be reached. MacNeil informs his readers that approximately thirty cardinal adults are functionally illiterate in America, meaning that thirty million adults are unable to read past the fifth grade level. He does non go as far as to say that television is to blame for this outcome, but he doesCascarano 2 believe that television contributes significantly to the misfortune. MacNeil also insinuates that viewers are attracted to simple and quick resolutions for many of todays complex paradoxs in these one half hour shows.Complex problems and quick, easy solutions are oft found in these ine half hour comedy sitcoms such as Home Improvement. In a recent episode eighteen year obsolete Brad (the eldest son) confronted his parents about his plans to marry his girlfriend of two months. Brad was convinced that he and his girlfriend wer in live and that was all that they needed to survive. Jill (Brads mother) turned to Wi lson (their neighbor) for advice. He gives a simple resolution to a complicated problem reverse psychology. Within a matter of four minutes the problem had vanquished, the young couple would wait until they had both completed four-year at a commendable university. Although quite witty, this simplistic one half hour comical sitcom is not challenging and it does not develop the viewers critical thinking because it does not break down the problem and explain a sophisticated and real resolution. Real resolutions are not given in these types of short sitcoms because real resolutions are lengthy and do not keep viewers watching.

Digression in Nikolai Gogols Dead Souls Essay -- Nikolai Gogol Dead S

Nikolai Gogols masterpiece novel, Dead Souls, remains faithful to the Gogolian tradition in terms of absurdity, lavish detail, and abundant digressions. Although these lead literary techniques coexist, interact, and augment each other-the focus of this analysis is to examine how Gogol (or the narrator) deviates from the plotline, the significance of it, and what aesthetic purpose comes from the digression.Although Gogols marriage to elaboration is at times strenuous-in fact, it is the underlying background why impatient readers dislike his work-it serves as a function of tone. The authors excruciating amount of detail is a quirk of the narrator. They turn up when least expected, and by means of their complete departure from the them, they produce a skillful retardation in the flow of the narrative (Setchkarev, 190). Considering other characters and situations from the Gogolian tradition, it is not unusual that the author/narrators illustration is somewhat like that of a madman . The syntax and attention to detail in the following passage from Dead Souls is exemplary of Gogols eccentric style and toneAs soon as the lady agreeable in all respects learnt of the arrival of the agreeable lady, she at once came running into the hall. The ladies clutched each other by the hands, exchanged kisses and cried out as do girls from a boarding-school who happen to meet soon after their schooldays are over but before their mothers subscribe had time to explain to them that the father of one is poorer and of lower rank than that of the other. The kisses had a smack to them and made the dogs bark again, and for this they were spanked with a handkerchief (192).Arguably, the inclusion of the sound of kisses and the barking of the dog... ...ry Russian Literature. Having such signature literary techniques also makes him either easily loved or hated by audiences. Regardless of whether the reader enjoys Dead Souls, Gogols digressions create an intend tone, aestheticism, humor, intimate narration, social criticism, and entertainment. Works Cited and Consulted Gogol, Nikolai. Dead Souls. 1842. Trans. George Reavey. Ed. George Gibian. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1985. Jones, Malcolm V. and Robin Feuer Miller, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Classic Russian Novel. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1998.Popkin, Cathy. The Pragmatics of Insignificance. Stanford Stanford UP, 1993.Setchkarev, Vsevolod. Gogol His Life and Works. Trans. Robert Kramer. New York New York UP, 1965.Woodward, James B. The Symbolic trick of Gogol. Columbus Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1981

Digression in Nikolai Gogols Dead Souls Essay -- Nikolai Gogol Dead S

Nikolai Gogols masterpiece novel, Dead Souls, remains faithful to the Gogolian tradition in terms of absurdity, lavish detail, and abundant digressions. Although these tether literary techniques coexist, interact, and augment each other-the focus of this analysis is to examine how Gogol (or the narrator) deviates from the plotline, the significance of it, and what aesthetic purpose comes from the digression.Although Gogols marriage to elaboration is at times strenuous-in fact, it is the underlying mind why impatient readers dislike his work-it serves as a function of tone. The authors excruciating amount of detail is a quirk of the narrator. They turn up when least expected, and by means of their complete departure from the them, they produce a skillful retardation in the flow of the narrative (Setchkarev, 190). Considering other characters and situations from the Gogolian tradition, it is not unusual that the author/narrators component part is somewhat like that of a madman. The syntax and attention to detail in the following passage from Dead Souls is exemplary of Gogols eccentric style and toneAs soon as the lady agreeable in all respects learnt of the arrival of the agreeable lady, she at once came running into the hall. The ladies clutched each other by the hands, exchanged kisses and cried out as do girls from a boarding-school who happen to meet soon after their schooldays are over but before their mothers ready had time to explain to them that the father of one is poorer and of lower rank than that of the other. The kisses had a smack to them and made the dogs bark again, and for this they were spanked with a handkerchief (192).Arguably, the inclusion of the sound of kisses and the barking of the dog... ...ry Russian Literature. Having such signature literary techniques also makes him either easily loved or hated by audiences. Regardless of whether the reader enjoys Dead Souls, Gogols digressions create an intend tone, aestheticism, humor , intimate narration, social criticism, and entertainment. Works Cited and Consulted Gogol, Nikolai. Dead Souls. 1842. Trans. George Reavey. Ed. George Gibian. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1985. Jones, Malcolm V. and Robin Feuer Miller, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Classic Russian Novel. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1998.Popkin, Cathy. The Pragmatics of Insignificance. Stanford Stanford UP, 1993.Setchkarev, Vsevolod. Gogol His Life and Works. Trans. Robert Kramer. New York New York UP, 1965.Woodward, James B. The Symbolic machination of Gogol. Columbus Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1981

Modernists

Literature has evolved time and time again as individuals and societies experiment and explore dissimilar themes and techniques in writing. Modernism is a particular literary movement that follows the Romantic and Victorian eras of poetry. While its definition composes umpteen different elements, such as the rise of pessimistic thought caused by postwar disillusionment, and the rise in appeal of the imagist movement.Davis and Jenkins cite Peter Brooks who claims that readers have to acknowledge a plurality of modernisms which desire to innovate on different artistic and cultural fronts (3) while continuing to argue that modernism is an unfinished project (4). Lee and Jenkins also argue that modernism is a function more(prenominal) of place than timeThree poets forged the way for this movement in English poetry William Butler Yeats, T.S. Eliot, and Dylan doubting Thomas. As evidenced by these poets, modernist poetry is a mixture of many diverse elements, including pessimistic them es, disjointed time and recurring symbolic images whose understanding may depend more upon psychology than the intrinsic beauty of nature.William Butler Yeats is the oldest of these three, entirely not the starting line to write in the modern movement. As he began experiencing with the poetic transitions, he came to be known as a realist-symbolist who revealed meaning by dint of symbol. T.S. Eliot is often credited as one of the poets that began the movement, along with Ezra Pound, and is known also for his symbols and haunting poetic images.Dylan Thomas is also known for his highly ordered images which represent the cycling of life for humankind. All three presented themes that would have turned the poets of earlier eras, known for complimentary elegies, harmonious pastorals, and carefully ordered time, to drink.Eliots poem, The Waste Land, considered by most literary reviewers as the quintessential modernist poem, offers a spiritual yet disconnected view of society which mirr ored the wasteland produced the spiritual disillusionment entangle during the 1920s and the physical hardships associated with the Depression, the rise of Hitler and the threat of another war (Abrams 2137). Eliots poems probe into the psyche of man that could live during any time period. They leave tooshie the romantic and the beautiful to deal with the obscure and the dark aspects of humanity.The first four lines of Waste Land, illuminate the ideas of precise images and theme. The suggestion that April is the cruelest month (The Waste Land ln. 1) runs expect to the idea that spring is a time of renewal and rebirth. The image of lilacs growing from the arid land and of roots withering from the lack of rain support the initial assertion of the first line. Throughout this lengthy poem, Eliot twists images from what the reader expects to see into something unexpected and thought-provoking.Likewise, in Yeats Leda and the Swan, past history would suggest that this poem might be in pra ise of a Greek deity, when it actually, through its images, seems to be chronicling a rape. The first four lines suggest this image rather clearlyA sudden protrusion the great wings beating stillAbove the staggering girl, her thighs caressedBy his dark webs, her nape caught in his bill,He holds her helpless breast upon his breast (lns. 1-4).Similarly, Thomas images of a misshapen man in the park are juxtaposed with images of animals. He slept at night in a dog kennel(ln.11) and was eating bread from a newspaper (ln. 7). none of these images are veiled in the rosy light of Romanticism and present rather sad, violent and pessimistic images of society.In contrast with the chronological narratives of Romantic and Victorian poetry, these poets full treatment are essentially nonlinear. The words are broken and fragmented, and only at the end do these seemingly unrelated bits come together, if at all. Time and building in these poems are fragmented. F.R. Leavis in T.S. Eliots Later Poet ry discusses this concept of fragmented time in depth as necessary to presenting the realism sought after by these poets. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock clearly reveals this disjointed and disorganized journey through the mind of an everyman. The poems shifts time periods and locations several times, but remain an imagistic theatrical performance of England with its nightlife, discussions of Renaissance art, and references to Shakespeares Hamlet.The action takes place entirely within the head of the verbalizer, who is deliberating about attending a social function. He ponders as his brain wonders chaotically from one topic to the next. ). In line 69, the speaker becomes aware of his own ramblings and muses, And how should I begin? Later, he queries, almost nonsensically, as if he, himself, has become the embodiment of the funny farm of swiftly moving timeI grow oldI grow oldI shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled (lns. 120-121). This fragmentation of time seems to le ad, as it does in The Waste Land to disastrous results as evidenced by the last line of the poem and we drown (ln. 130). The disjointedness of time and thought seems to be proxy of a confused state of mind, both in individuals and in society.The Waste Land begins in arid desolation, both physically and spiritually for its inhabitants. In the first stanza of Part I, the chronology moves swiftly from the present reflection of the speaker to a childhood memory, back to the reflection, and then to another incident a year in the past. This style is much like that of an interior monologue, in which the thoughts of the speaker are presented just as they flow, without any organization, to help the reader understand. Yeats presents a similar confusion in The Second orgasm. This poem projects to the return of a god figure, but not with rejoicing. The society is let outd by the first four lines as fragmented and chaoticTurning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falc onerThings fall apart the centre cannot holdMere anarchy is loosed upon the world (lns. 1-4).Again, the lot of fragmentation is created by the images presented in the first four lines of this poem.A common theme among the modernist poets is that of the individual alienated from his society, a society that is generally as fragmented and dysfunctional as time. The grandeur to which Prufrock ascribes his place in the world, as exhibited by Dare I dare/Disturb the universe? (lns. 45-46). Prufrock, with all of his insecurities, ineptitude and physical shortcomings, and the large number of individuals he represents, will never be able to actually disturb the inner machinations of the universe. Similarly, The Waste Land offers no heroic figure for the readers to identify the speaker can be anyone, but his demise is certain to occur and certain to happen alone.Likewise, all three of these poems seem to be fascinated with death, not as the ultimate redemption as presented by earlier poets , but as a frightening, even horrible, reality that should be challenged. Eliots Love Song ends with the nonliteral death of not only Prufrock but of society as a whole. The Waste Land describes a society that is in a state of apocalypse. Yeats poem, The Second Coming describes, as discussed above, a disjointed society that fear the return of a savior, the new deityThat twenty centuries of stony sleepWere vexed to incubus by a rocking cradle,And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,Slouches towards Bethlehemto be born? (lns. 18-22).This example parallels Eliots Journey of the Magi which adopts the persona of the Biblical magi who describe their journey as not joyful, but full of hardship. They question their dedication to the birth and actually equate it with death, seemingly contradicting the traditional Christmas story The linesthis Birth was stark and bitter agony for us, like Death, our death.We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,But no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation,With an alien people clutching their gods. Ishould be jolly of another death (lns. 38-43). Reveal this questioning that has resulted from the disillusionment and doubt with the classical views of religionlThomas actually suggests battling with death almost physically in his poem Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night. He continually exhorts those near death to Rage, Rage against the dying of the light in the last line of each stanza. sooner of accepting death as a reward for a Christian life, these poets present death as a time of fear and uncertainty which could be representative of a spiritual disillusionment. Even theological elements of Christianity and life-after-death are no longer held sacred by the modern poets.While modernism, at least as Yeats, Eliot, and Thomas present it, may be a reflection of many different eras of poetry, it deviates in its themes, symbols and chaotic presentation of time. The pessimistic themes and perplexing images they create are meditative of the societal and spiritual disillusionment prevalent in this postwar era. These poets are icons of modernist thought and poetry. Their complex works reject the focus on beauty and storey that other genres utilize and paint a picture of mankind and society as a spiritually arid and ghastly.Works CitedAbrams, M.H. Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Major Authors. 6thEd. bleak York Norton, 1996Eliot, T.S. The Journey of the Magi. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The Waste LandJenkins, Lee M. and Alex Davis. Locations of Literary Modernism Region and Nation inBritish and American Modernist Poetry. Cambridge, UK Cambridge UniversityPress, 2000.Leavis, F.R. T.S. Eliots Later Poetry. T.S. Eliot A collection of Critical Essays. HughKenner, Ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1962.Thomas, D. Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night The Hunchback in the ParkYeats, W.B. The Second Coming. Leda and the Swan

Compare and contrast two approaches Essay

Psychology is a huge science area with m whatever variations on approach. everywhere many years Psychologists such as Freud, Skinner, Rogers and Watson, just to name a few, befool contributed, providing us with invaluable tools to evaluate and delicacy mental illness, understand and cut across phobias and indeed provide us with a window into the unconscious mind.In particular, two areas of find out have intrigued me, so I believe it would be useful to compare and contrast these two very different approaches. Not only bequeath I compare the methods of research used but also will note any similarities or differences they may have and indeed the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. My chosen approaches to evaluate are Behaviourist V Psychoanalytic.In 1913 John Watson publish Psychology as the demeanorist view it, in it he outlined his new ideas. These ideas were considered new because Watson disagreed with Freuds view of gentleman behaviour he fired it as philosophica l to the point of mysticism (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). Watson also dismissed heredity as an important factor in human behaviour shaping. Watson declared that The traditional methods of animal psychology are indeed the true method of scientific psychology. (Watson 1913, citied by Christopher D. Green, York University). In this article Watson said The time seems to have come when psychology must discard all reference to consciousness when it need no longer delude itself into thinking that it is making mental states the reject of observation (Psychology as the behaviourist views it John Watson, Psychological review, 1913. By saying this Watson meant that Freud and other Psychoanalysts could not prove their theories and therefore were not scientific. Also they analyze abnormal patients (mental patients) so therefore they could not have a true picture.This publication did in fact establish a new school of psychology, the initiate of Behaviourism. T he essential theories, which stand Watson out from the rest, are that he believed psychologists should look to the relationship surrounded by the environment and the behaviour, rather than the presumed contents of the consciousness. The principles that govern behaviour in animals and inhumans are virtually identical.Watsons aim was to predict and control behaviour. He was able to provide evidence to his theories unlike other treacherous and unverifiable conscious experience studies.A behaviourist believes that the environment motivates behaviour and that a stimulus will create a response, therefore, humans are precisely passive respondents. This approach rejects the unconscious mind and believes that only behaviour that foundation be observed should be studied. There are three main areas of study Classical conditioning (Pavlov), Operant conditioning (Skinner) and Observational learning (Bandura). Classical conditioning uses a stimulus response, Pavlov when experimenting with the dog and salivation, conditioned the dog to know when a treat was inevitable by using a bell as the stimulus.He proved that the dog would salivate at the mere thought of forage and therefore his learning was by association. In the Skinner experiment he used positive and negatively charged reinforcement as forms of rewards or punishments, this was called Operant conditioning. at long last when using Observational learning (Bandura 1960) its proven to be far more scientific using laboratory for studies and experiments. This seems to be a far more documental approach.The behaviourist approach has a more scientific and objective view and provides a counter argument to the nature theory. By using a few basic principles, behaviouristic psychology can explain many characteristics in both human and animal behaviours and has many practical applications. However, on a more negative note it can be said that behaviourism rejects the conscious mental experiences and assumes that individual s are not responsible for their own actions. In addition it over simplifies the explanations for behaviour and experiences.The psychoanalytic approach was started and mainly developed by Sigmund Freud. He became interested in hysteria and was convinced that unconscious mental causes were responsible for all disorders and pull down normal personalities. Freuds approach and theory were greatly influenced by thetechnology of the time (locomotives) on with the work of hypnotist Charcot. Whilst talking to Charcot, Freud realized how talking intimately traumatic experiences relieved the symptoms of hysteria. He also made a connection between the role of sex and hysterical behaviour. Freud saw sex as a potential cause of emotional stress. Another great influence was Breuer who pioneered cathartic therapy. This therapy was known as the Talking cure.Freuds major technique was unfreeze association, were a patient would be encouraged to relax and express a free flow of thoughts entering th eir mind. Another popular therapy of Freuds was Dream digest where he would attempt to decode the symbols of a dream. His approach had a huge impact on psychology and psychiatry. Freuds theory was developed further by Jung, Adler and Anna Freud (his daughter)The Psychoanalyst believed that behaviour was influenced mainly by a part of the mind which we have no awareness of this was called the Unconscious process. They also believed in Psychic determinism, which dictates whatever we say or do has a cause. Hydraulic drives were believed to create psychic energy which if not released would create tension and anxiety. The two basic drives, which this refers to, are the conjure up drive and the aggressive drive. Apparently according to Freud, different parts of the unconscious mind were in constant struggle with each other called the Psychodynamic conflict.. He along with others believed that the personality was shaped as we entered different stages of development.It has become apparen t that the only similarity between these two approaches is that both Watson and Freud believed their theory could explain all concepts of human behaviour. They allowed no room for any other explanation. This in its self has causes doubt for both sides of the argument. It is obvious to the reader that there a very few similarities between these approaches, however it seems that both the pioneers solely thought their way was the only way. Both these men used their own theories to explain the same topics, such as honorable development, Aggression and Abnormalities.There are strengths and weakness to all arguments and this one is no exception. Freuds ideas made a large impact on psychology however, his theories had teensy-weensy experimental support except on repression and fixation. The psychoanalytic approach has huge explanatory of power on a variety of subjects. His methods were regarded as unscientific and incapable of being proved wrong. Many experiments carried out using this theory have failed to support Freud. Psychoanalyst therapy has been widely criticised.Behaviourism was scientific and experimental and left a lasting effect on its subjects. It also provides a strong counter argument on the nature rather than nurture argument. Using simple principles, behaviourism can explain a great variety of phenomena and has many practical implications.So what, if any gain has been made by society by these theories? off the beaten track(predicate) more has been gained from the Behaviour theories than that of the psychoanalyst. This is mainly due to the practical implications applied in todays terms. The behaviourist approach has produced many practical implications such as education (programmed learning) also the treatment of those with behavioural disturbances such as phobias and behaviour shaping in autism. The Operant conditioning principles are used to train animals to do tasks. This approach has also been used in advertising and in child rearing. The only g ain I can acknowledge from Freud and his theories is that of a therapy to help treat mental disorders. I find little evidence, however, that this theory actually works or indeed if the principles explain everything, I find it difficult to find any outcome in this theory. I find the Freudian theory (Psychoanalytic) to be inadequate and non scientific.The behaviourist view seems to be a far more objective approach. It has a more scientific and objective view and provides a counter argument to the nature theory. By using a few basic principles, behaviourism can explain many characteristics in both human and animal behaviours and has many practical applications. However, on a more negative note it can be said that behaviourism rejects the conscious mental experiences and assumes that individuals are not responsible for their own actions. In addition it oversimplifies the explanations for behaviour and experiences.BibliographyWatson, J.B, (1913) Psychology as the behaviour views it. Psyc hological Review, 20, 158-177Thomas, R.K. (1997) American journal of psychology, 110, 115-125Watson J.B (1914). Behaviour An introduction to Comparative Psychology. New York Holt.Tony Malim & Ann Birch Introduction to Psychology (1998)Graham Hill Psychology by dint of Diagrams (1998)www.psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/intro.htmwww.sntp.net/behaviourism/behaviourism-main.htmwww.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs.htm

Developing Effective Communication in Health & Social Care

P3 Explain positionors that whitethorn influence dialogue and inter individualal interactions in Health & fond do environments. Factors that whitethorn influence communication and inter soulfulnessal interactions in a Health & kind Cargon environment ar things such as Setting- this is the place that you argon in. To be commensurate to communicate with someone correctly, you exit need to choose sure that it has all of the right things. Noise level is master(prenominal) because if it is likewise clanking then you exit not be satisfactory to hear the some proboscis give tongue to and two of you leave need to sh aside when your speaking instead of that talking usually.Lighting is similarly important in where you ar, this is because if it too dark then the opposite person impart not be able to see you and you allow not be able to see them and good eye contact is needed (if possible) in order to communicate properly and if it is dark then this will be problematic . Having seemly space in a room is also important as you will not pauperism it to be small as personal space is essential and cosmos real(prenominal) close to someone you hardly do it could be quite awkward and tense.You shouldnt be too close to each other, however you shouldnt be too far from each other either as itll be hard to hear and speak properly. Time- time means that you should not be in the room with the service user for too long also you should not be in in that respect for a small period of time either. You should spend a decent amount in the room with the service user, making sure that you confuse cover e genuinelything and havent missed out anything and also making sure that the service user has told you everything you need to hump in order to alleviate them to settlement their problem(s).to a fault if you keep mentioning close to the time that you have left to speak to the service user then they might get annoyed and feel that you are more(prenominal) wo rried nigh the time than about their problems. Also rushing the service user would mean that theyll have to speak quicker and they will not be able to explain themselves properly. There are also barriers these are things that occur while communicating with someone. The type of communication that you have with someone will be very different for example a difficult communication may be something that is hard to solve/ something that will take long to solve.A complex communication is when there is man parts to the story and it may be very confusing and hard to understand. The last example I will use is a sensitive communicationmay occur when someone close to that person has passed away or when someone is ill etc. P4 Explain strategies used in Health and Social fear environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. row needs/preferences could be a barrier for example if someone is delivering to talk to you barely you merchantmant unde rstand them as they are speaking to you in a different language.This would be a barrier because if you cannot communicate with this person in effect then they will not be able to explain their issue/problem or just to talk to you and you will not be able to communicate back and answer to them. Strategy You could try and overcome this problem by getting another worker to come in and translate what theyre verbalise in your preferred language/method in some cases the service user may bring a family member/friend who may be able to translate for you as swell up.Sensory impairment is when you may not be able to view, smell, sense or say things. Therefore, coming across someone like this may hazard your communication with each other. Strategy So you should ask the person that they have come along with (if possible) to help you or you should opine at their personal details and notes in order to see what their preferred language/method of communication is. Disability is also another barrier to communication, this may affect the way you talk to them as they may have difficulty moving their arms, speaking or doing anything.Strategy soul with a disability will also mean that you will have to pay full attention to what they are doing and you should insure that you follow the rules and regulations so that nothing bad happens. For example someone with delirium will need full support as they forget things and may wonder off on their own or with a stranger without realising. spirit may affect the way you communicate with each other as the person may be very aggressive and loud so you will not be able to talk to them without them shouting or suddenly becoming annoyed.Strategy When dealing with wad, you should always check their notes beforehand this is because you will then know what type of person you are dealing with and also you will then know how to deal with this person, how to approach him/her and how to speak to them. Self-esteem Is how confident someone is in themselves, this is an important thing when communicating with someone in Health and Social Care as the level of self-esteem can affect how quickly they recover.Strategy facts of life their level of self-esteem by making them feel at ease will desexualise it easier forthem to recover. Anxiety is when you feel nervous or anxious about something, this is a barrier because if the service user gets nervous then they wont speak and this will be a problem because there will be silence and the problems that the service user has will not be resolved as they will not be speaking making it hard for the person trying to help them. Strategy The way that you could overcome this could be to try and make the person feel at ease so that they are not nervous.You could do this by saying I am here to help or I know this is hard but I will try and help you get through it. This may make the service user feel comfortable and make them feel that they are able to talk to you as you are there to hel p them. Depression is something that people get when they are under stress. This can be a barrier to communication as the person with Depression may not want to speak or they might be too upset to explain how they feel even though they are in need of help.This can make their situation worse because they are not letting anyone help them however this is not their fault. Strategy Trying to help someone with depression can be very hard depending how bad they are. Doing activities with someone who is suffering with depression may be one strategy as they will have their mind on something else, rather than their problems. Aggression can affect the communication between two people or a assembly etc. This is because the person trying to help the service user will/may likely find it hard to deal with and speak to someone who is very aggressive.The aggressive person could be very angry at what is going on in their life so they will take it out on the person who is trying to help them they ma y not necessarily mean what they say or do but shouting and dooming aggressive conduct could be the way that they deal with everything. Strategy A way to try and deal with an aggressive person is to not fight back. If you argue back with them thenthey will argue back and it will not make anything better and the reason they are there is to get help.The reason they could be aggressive is because of something that has happened so enquire them questions could get it all out of them so that you are aware of their situation. Submissiveness is someone who will just agree and go along with whatever someone is saying to them. This is a barrier because they will not actually say what they feel and they will not disagree with anything that is being said so they may be agreeing to something that they might not even want.Strategy- A way to get former(prenominal) an aggressive personis to not take anything they say personally as they are just saying horrible things because of the bad situatio n that they are in. You should also TALK back to them instead of arguing. Assumptions are bad in Health and Social Care this is because if you just assume what the person is saying then you arent exactly listening to them because you are already thinking of a way to respond to them without knowing if it is what they are actually saying. This is bad because the service user will obviously not get the help and support that they need.Strategy You can get past this by actually listening to the person you are talking to properly so that you dont just assume what theyre going to say. By listening, you will hear what the person is saying and you will also be able to come up with a way to solve their problem/issue etc. Value & picture systems can affect the level of communication that you have with someone. The values and beliefs that someone has can have a huge effect on the relationship you have with the service user.For example if a Christian councillor came across a gay service user w ho needed help with him and his husbands matrimony, and the councillor didnt want to speak or associate themselves with this person as it doesnt say anything about gay marriage in the bible then this would cause bouffant problems as the service user will not get any help and the person in need of help may feel very angry and he might even feel quite upset as the councillor is discriminating against him & gay, lesbian and bisexual people and also being homophobic.Strategy The easiest way to get over something like this is to get a new job because if you dont agree with gay marriage then this will defiantly affect you as you will may come across 2 gay people that want to get married and discriminating against them because you dont agree with gay marriage will cause problems. Jargon is a type of slang, if the service user speaks like this when seizing help then they may not be able to get the help that they require as the person trying to help then will not understand them meaning t hat they will not know what the problem is.However, overcoming this issue could be to ask someone to translate if possible or to use a method of communication that you both understand. Strategy shipway to get past this issue would be things such as translators, other workers to help you out, their family/friend could help you etc. Cultural variations are differences between you and someone else, for example if someone comes to you who are from Poland and you are from the UK then there will be many differences between the two of you.These differences should not affect you in a huge way as you should be able to use many methods of communication preferably the one that they prefer. One difference between the both of you may be the language or preferred method of communication, this will cause problems when communicating as you may not be able to understand them and they may not understand you. Strategy A few ways to overcome this may be things like translators, sign language, writte n, body language, oral etc.Use & abuse of bureau is a barrier is because when you are trying to solve or help a situation that someone is going through then you will both need to give ideas, not just one of you. If only one of you is talking then the other person may have ideas that they cannot share and this would be a barrier as both people need to speak in order to share ideas and solve problems that you both agree with. Strategy You should make sure that you are both speaking not just one of you.Making sure that you are both talking is important, to do this you will need to make sure that you are asking questions and not just constantly talking to them because they might switch off and look like theyre listening when in fact they are just bored. Effects of alcohol/drugs can mean that someone is not in their right state of mind this means that they will not necessarily be making sense and they might also not know what they are saying. The problem with this is that the service u ser will not be getting any help because they will not be in the right state to be serious and to be willing to sort out their problems.Strategy Someone who comes in to speak to you about their issues could have a drink problem or a drug addiction. Ways to deal with this is to send them to Rehab so that they can try and get back on track instead of getting worse. Whether it is an alcoholic or adrug addict, you should always take their needs into action as they could be desperate to turn their lives around before its to late. Regular check ups and phone calls will be a good idea as you can then see how the person is getting on and if they are getting the help that they require.Developing effective communication in Health & Social CareUnit 1 Developing effective communication in Health & social careTask 1 introCommunication is at the bone marrow of any relationship, be it familial, business, romantic, or friendly. While there have been significant advances in how we understand body language and other forms of communication, verbal communication continues to be the most important aspect of our interaction with other people. Its important to understand both the benefits and shortcomings of this most basic communication. One-to-one communication plays a very important part in almost everyones life. This type of communication occurs most often in face-to-face conversations and in telephone speech skills.Conversation consists of talk about various matters of common interest to both of the people involved. Conversations, unlike many other types of communication are usually not planned or rehearsed beforehand. sort communication refers to the communication between a group of people and another group of people or within the group itself. A group is normally considered as a collection of people that number 3 or more. This type of communication is very helpful when you need to get across the equivalent message to more than 1 person.For example if you are a manager who is announcing a change in hours for employees shifts, then you would gather everyone together. That way it is quicker and saves you time. Also it is helpful when you want to discuss something with your team mates or business. Group debates and discussions are very popular. Formal communication is the type of communication used for important topics, usually in the arenas of business, government, diplomatic matters, scientific matters, lectures by teachers, certain types of speeches at colleges, or in seminars.It is speech which is meant to impress and to give weight and authority to the person speaking and to the subject being spoken about. It is polite speech, and uses polite language, whether in verbal or written form. Examples would be the presidents inaugural speech, letters between ambassadors or consuls, an address by a college president to the school, the presentation of a scientific paper or theory at a symposium or seminar. Even in written form, a letter of resignation from a post one hold.Formal communication assumes, usually, a vertical relationship between people in that situation. Someone is the person above, in authority, and someone is the person below, dependent to some extent on that person, in that situation. Informal communication is more on a coadjutor level. It is everyday speech, the kind of speech where you dont have to worry too much about how you couch something, because you and the other person know each other well enough not to take things wrongly. It may be concerned with important matters, but it is not on an authoritative level.It may be two people who enjoy argumentation going at it about some specific topic, or friends planning an outing, or working together on a trade union movement and talking through what and how to do it. Forms of communication Verbal means spoken. So, verbal communication is the messages you send with words. Its what you actually say. Non-verbal communication is the messages you send with your body. Some p eople call it your body language. For example Facial expressions smiling, frowning, raising eyebrows, eye contact Gestures waving your hand, pointing your finger, crossing your arms Posture the way you stand or sit.Touch being caring you would stage you hand on ones shoulder to show you care. Silence could be a sign of anger, upset, nervousness etc. Reflective listening nodding your head to show you understand, eye contact. Non-verbal communication also includes the tone and pitch of your voice. So, verbal communication is the words. But non-verbal communication is how you say the words. expert communication Text messaging, E-mail, Msn, etc. Technological aids People who are deaf blind use many different methods of communication.The method chosen will depend upon the amount of sight and consultation the individual has the cause of deaf blindness and how long the person has had a sensory impairment. Braille is for someone unable to see text well enough to read it, braille can be used to label objects and give access to books. Objects designed especially for blind and deaf blind people may already be labeled in braille. British sign language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language.Sign talking to is used mainly by people who are Deaf or have hearing impairments. Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is called British Sign Language. British Sign Language has its own grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependent nor is it strongly related to to spoken English. British Sign Language is the preferred language of between 50,000 70,000 people within the UK. Communication symbols could be anything from ladies toilets sign to road signs. Here are some images of communication symbols.

The New Normal Challenges Societal Issues

Ryan spud is known for his ability to keep things interesting, and in his impudent tauntcom The New Normal he has not fallen short on that expectations. In this series Bryan and David, a happy courageous couple vivification in L. A. with respectable jobs, count to have e reallything except for the matchless thing they want most, a child. The couple hires Goldie, a young mother who had just odd her adulterous husband in Ohio and ran away to L. A. with daughter, Shania, to start over and for lay down her old life, to be a surrogate mother for them.Jane, Goldies conservative and overly intolerant grandmother, follows them against her granddaughters wishes, causing an uproar in Goldies new life in the city because she is so disproving of Goldies decision to be a surrogate and Bryan and Davids lifestyle. Immediately after airing in September of 2012, the show up was criticized tremendously. The batch of the broadcasting network in Salt Lake City, Utah were so offended by the sho w that they went on to ban the show from their show time schedule. NBC Utah affiliate KSL-TV, the network which banned the show from airing in Utah, says that the show was conflicting on several dimensions. They went on to say that the dialogue was excessively rude and glaring and the scenes were too explicit and the characterizations seem offensive. KSL-TV as well as insist that it challenges traditional family set and portrays bad office places. The trouble the show experienced from attempting to air in Utah was not the only trouble the show had endured. In July, before the show aired, One Million Moms publicly announced that they would be boycotting the show for being harmful to our society, accusing the dialogue of being too offensive.Many members of the gay community also claimed to be boycotting the show for portraying offensive stereotypes of homosexuals. I must admit that I bum see how the dialogue seems excessively crude and offensive. For example, in the flee alone Jane uses the offensive phrases gay peacocks, ass campers, Jewed done the cost, and salami smokers. Its easy to see how people could take her bigoted words offensively. Its self-explanatory from her first scene in the show that her prejudices ar very overzealous and over the top plainly that is precisely the point.Nana seems as a nasty, hateful woman who has a potty mouth that anyone with a moral conscience would not want to replicate. Jane is used to show a societal problem in the States today. A discussion of her behavior through the show should be of interest to more than just the fans and critics. Beyond these limited audiences, Nana is relevant to everyone in the States because her fanaticism was used by Ryan Murphy to display a nasty problem in our nation today. Her prejudice towards everyone that surrounds her is a mockery of many bigoted minds of Americans.Indeed, it does seem excessive, only when Murphy wanted to make sure the point of how offensive and wrong this be havior is was clear. firearm I see how this crass behavior and crude dialogue is inappropriate for children, the show is a somewhat late night sitcom with a target audience of adults. As adults who have experienced shows with cold worse dialogues such as Jersey Shore, we should be able to stomach the harmless dialogue of The New Normal especially when thither is such an in-chief(postnominal) point behind it. Shows similar Jersey Shore arent refused to air because of their horrible dialogues because of Americans love for their trash TV.I believe that point shows that the problem with this show is rattling just bigotry towards gay couples having children not the dialogue, which is Murphys entire point of making this show. Its not just about entertaining television, its about making a stance on the problematic issue in America of bigotry and prejudice. The complaints given to show that it challenges family values seems to stem from the incident that it isnt a traditional nuclear family that is headed by a man and woman. Many happen to have a major issue with gay couples creating a family. However, the show proves that the couple holds family values.Firstly and most strategicly they know and show how much they will love and provide for their child. They also show many other important family values and attri scarcees. For example Bryan shows what a spacious(p)(p) father he will be and the confidence he will instill in his child in the second incident Sofas Choice when he talks to Shania because shes having trouble fitting in at her new school. Shania says Those kids dont get me at all Bryan replies When I was in school no one got me either. This might be hard to believe Shania scarcely I didnt always fit in like I do now.I always felt different just like you Shania shouts Bryan Im a weirdy and I dont want to be. I just want to be normal. Bryan matter-of-factly says Thats a stupid short sided wish. Bryan then moves to the couch to sit beside Shania a nd puts his arm around her comfortingly and says You dont know this yet, but the most unique parts of you are also the ones that lead you to greatness. Shania says How come you get me but my own mom doesnt? Bryan says Your mom may not completely get you, but she lets you be who you are and she loves you for it, and thats what makes her a great mom.Dont be afraid to be who you are, Shania because youre spectacular. This shows how supportive and problem solving he can be as a dad but also shows that he thinks it is very important for children to be accepted and loved no matter who they are and that they know its wonderful to be the someone they are no matter what anyone else says. In the episode Stay-at-home Dad David and Bryan decide to send Goldie on a spa vacation and request to babysit Shania sequence she is gone because they want to experience and prepare for being stay at home dads.While Goldie is gone David takes off time from his very important job as a doctor to wake up early to make her breakfast and study before taking her to school. This is an example of how he will be a responsible dad who will compromise the job he loves to take care of his kid. These are the family values and concern you must have for your children in revisal to be great parents, and while David and Bryan dont have everything about parenting figured out ,because no one does before having children, they have the mindset, love, and values that can potentially make great parents.While the show does show some unexpected characters and a family with an unusual dynamic it is in no way lacking great role models. While the adult characters in no way lack their fair share of dysfunction they are also great role models for America and for the young girl in the show Shania. The excerpt from the beginning of the previous paragraph is also a great example of how Bryan is an exceptional role model for Shania. Goldie while often times seems to act on a whim is a great role model.In the sam e episode Bryan and David decide that they want Goldie and Shania to lead in their luxurious guest house instead of their frumpy little house. Goldie turns the house down because she didnt earn it and she wants to be a successful self-supporting woman to give her daughter a great example so that one day she can become one as well. The most confrontational adult in the show is Nana, Jane. While her bigotry is repulsive she does not lack other admirable qualities.Despite her overzealous prejudice that seems to constantly be spewing from her mouth, she is a strong independent woman and a great grandmother. When Goldie and Shania run away to California, Nana follows them and decides to stay even though she is disproving of Goldies decision and Bryan and Davids lifestyle because she cannot stick out the thought of not being there to spend time with and protect her family. Nana also raised Goldie from eight historic period old when her daughter decided she didnt want to and ran away. She also housed Goldie and Shania up until they ran away to California.All of those attributes are wonderful to have, but the most important is that she has always been there for her family no matter what. Which Goldie admits in the episode The Para-New Normal, the Halloween episode, after an argument theyve had about Goldie moving back to Ohio. Goldie says God Nana, sometimes you make me so crazy, you know that? The things you say. Nana replies I am what I am, Im not about to change now. Goldie recedes Well, then I guess I need to remember that. When I saw you trick-or-treating tonight, the way you were with Shania.It made me think. You are the one person who has always been there for me. The only one actually. Goldie goes on to remember when her Nana took her trick-or-treating every year when she was young because her mother wasnt there. I like to think that Im a good mom, Nana, but I didnt learn that from my mom. I learned it from you. Thank you for always being there for us. Nana responds Well, I couldnt just leave you. Well of course you could have, but you didnt. And even now that Im all grown up with people and choices that you dont understand still. ou still havent left. It may have taken Goldie a long time to realize it but her Nana is a great role model for her and in many of the same ways is for America. Even the child in this show is a great role model because she learns to be proud of who she is with the help of the adults around her and doesnt try to hide her quirky ways which is a great thing to show America, because no one should ever be ashamed of who they are. Many people see The New Normals message to be that the new normal of families in America will be led by a gay couple.This however, is a misunderstanding. The New Normals message is that no matter how untraditional a family is it is still a family with the same amount of love and values as traditional families. In the pilot this was made clear by vainglorious examples of many othe r untraditional families. It showed a midget woman who married a man of normal height and had a daughter who was 6 years old and almost taller than her mother, a single mom of two twin toddlers who was much older than most new mothers in fact, she looks old enough to be their grandmother.They even go as far to mention examples from pop culture today such as Barack Obama and Mariah Carey, who were both raised by what Bryan refers to as half-rican American Grandmothers. When the show says abnormal in the new normal it is not to say that families led by gay couples in the only new normal but that none of these untraditional families should be seen as anything less than the average traditional family. The New Normal defies stereotypes in many different ways. Although the show does show one of the gay men as a very effeminate male, Bryan.Which is why I can understand why many people in the gay community show offense as they see this as portrayal of a stereotypical gay men. However Bryans character is meant to portray the source of The New Normal, Ryan Murphy. I think the character is important to show that effeminate males do exists and to show Ryan Murphys side of things and how the bigotry of others has affected him. Murphy saw it was important to show his own personal experiences in the show which is why he decided to create a character based on himself.It is not as if the show portrays all gay men to be effeminate. Bryans partner, David, is a gay man who is the average fatheads guy with no interest in fashion, and the many other favored interest of his partner, the stereotypical gay man. David is a doctor who loves to watch football and play sports. While the show does show someone who does fit a stereotype, Davids character defies said stereotype because he is a gay man who this prejudice doesnt apply to. The show also defies the common stereotype that all black people are content with being bottom feeders of society.Rocky, Bryans friend, is a very accompli shed black woman with very high aspirations and goals. She has come a long way from where she grew up in an impoverished home to become an assistant for a producer of a very famous TV show. She is an example of a much empowered black woman who has worked very hard to be successful. Though The New Normal is just a TV show, it provides a lens through which we can examine the societal problems of bigotry and prejudice. Indeed, many problems such as the way people throughout the show treat David and Bryan as if they are less than their equal in the show can be seen in real life.For example, many people in America today have shown their disapproval of homosexuals by not only denying them adoption and marriage equality but by going as far as committing hate crimes against them. But the prejudice in the show and in real life doesnt hobble there it is directed at anyone who is different by race, sexuality, living conditions, and plenty of others thing. The point of this show is to show peo ple that we are all humans with flaws and great qualities and that everyone should be treated equally. We do live in the land of the free after all.

March 5 Handout: World War 1 and Its Shadow Handout

March 5 handout World war I and its shadow I. World War I a. What were the immediate causes of the war? And the long term ones? b. What expectations did people have about the war? c. What was the Schlieffen Plan? d. What was trench warfare like? e. What new technologies true in the war? f. How did participants and sides change over the course of the war? g. What made this war a world war? h. What is total war? i. What is the home forepart? j. How did nations target civilians in the war effort? k. How did women take part in the war effort? l.What is propaganda and what was it used for? m. What attitudes do the posters reveal? II. Versailles and Mandates a. What was the Armistice? b. What was the Treaty of Versailles? c. What step did nations take to prevent future war? d. What did self-determination mean in practice? e. Did self-determination apply outside of Europe? f. What was the mandate system? g. How did the treaties terminus the war change European empires? III. Social chang es a. What types of permanent physical trauma did the war cause? b. What types of psychological trauma did the war cause? . How did the role of the render change to address the long-term effects of the war? d. How did gender roles change from the war? e. How did the way people viewed war change? f. How did the attitudes towards war differ in the midst of In Flanders Fields and Dulce et Decorum Est? Terms Gavrilo Princip Schlieffen Plan Trench warfare Over the top Mustard gas Total war Home movement Conscription Rationing Propaganda Armistice Treaty of Versailles Fourteen Points Self-determination Mandate system League of Nations Influenza pandemic Lost generation Wilfred Owen

A Whisper of Aids Rhetorical Analysis Paper

Shayan Momin Momin 1 Mr. Pople AP English III, Period 7 12 October 2012 Rhetorical Analysis of A Whisper of AIDS In 1891, Voltairine de Cleyre wrote The Philosophy of Selfishness and Metaphysical Ethics, critiquing the egoistical and egoistic mindset of society. This equal mindset is critiqued by Mary Fisher in A Whisper of AIDS. She uses rationally emotional rhetoric in order to criticize this self-ism that exists in the world. Fisher begins by speaking of the non-existent impacts of movements that cede attempted to sex awareness about AIDS.She utilizes the word despite in resultant phrases to show that despite science and research and good intentions, nothing significant has occurred because the epidemic is still winning. Through her usage of repetition, it is inferable that society has ignored these efforts due to the appearance of thinking that was scorched by de Cleyre. This ignorance from the humanity reveals how deeply rooted this self-ism is in our society. And to exte nd her point even further, she says that the White House has attempted to try to raise awareness about AIDS.Her reference to the government further exposes the stubbornness of society to change their selfish way of life. She tries to say that even with the government pushing for this cause, the public still refuses to take action. But even the government isnt doing much. Fisher mentions the campaign slogans and hopeful promises that were made by the government with a sarcastic tone. This implies that the utterer believes that even our federal government has a mindset of selfishness. But this is only the beginning of her attack on society. Momin 2She goes on to blame society for the magnitude of the viruss impacts. She says that by ignoring the virus and the people affected by it, society has helped the virus along and that we have dash offed each other with our ignorance, our prejudice, and our silence. Her usage of a key out explains in what ways society has committed such a c rime. And all of this is due to the existence of a mindset that promotes self-centration, a mindset that calls for the ignorance of all others who coexist with you. The connotation of killed has a double effect.First, its negative connotation creates an image in ones head of a mob of people destroying one another. It represents how arrant(a) the afterwardsmath of the virus has been. The second effect, one that is deeper, and somewhat hidden, is that the word killed implies the killing of open-mindedness and selflessness. It shows how people hurt each other, knock each other down, and even kill each other for their own selfish desires. In this case, society has ignored the AIDS virus because they have the thought that If I dont have it, I shouldnt care about it.This kind of thinking has lay ruin for the victims of this virus, who have been hurt even more due to the ignorance of society towards such a major problem. Fisher refers to empirics in order to prove the detrimental effects of having a selfish society. She speaks of how her grandfather had heard the Pastor Niemoeller say that when the Nazis came after the Jews, he didnt protest because he wasnt a Jew. When the Nazis came after the dole out Unionists, the pastor did not protest because he wasnt a Trade Unionist. But when the Nazis came after the pastor, there was no one left to protest.The parallelism used here helps to better define the impacts of a self-minded society, supporting the talkers main purpose which is to critique the self-ism that exists today. This quote is significant in another way as well. The way the pastor reacted to the Nazi invasion is the same way people are reacting Momin 3 to the AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus virus. They are mirror reflections of each other. It shows that people will only learn when they are victimized. When this happened to the pastor, he then realized his mistake. But in this case, if people will only learn through victimization, the result would be catastrophic.Fisher says how a million are infected now if this is what is to happen, billions will be exposed to the virus. Through this foreshadowing, the author is able to convince the reader that self-centration will lead to our demise. Unless we become aware. Mary Fishers critiquing of societys selfishness and self-mindedness makes the reader aware of the dangers of having such a mindset. Her purpose is to point out that in order to help raise awareness of HIV we must first rid ourselves of such a malignant way of thinking.

Microeconomics and the Law of Supply and Demand Essay

During the simulation of Goodlife Inc. I was able to mold how the effects of a raze rent verses a higher rent had on the vacancy percentage. In our simulation the t own of Atlantis had only one rental agency with apartments available. There were bingle family homes available too still the take away for renting was with apartments. I got to see how the supply and take away worked with this rental property simulation. The town of Atlantis saw a bone up in population which led to a higher demand for vacant units. This caused Goodlife to raise its rent to meet the growing demand for its available units. But as the demand for renting the units fell so did the demand. This meant Goodlife had to lower its rental price to meet the lesser demand for renting. This is a good example of microeconomics.When I looked at the simulation for examples of macroeconomics I found it when the government stepped in to put a cap on the rent amount. In the simulation there was a fall over that showed individuals were living outside of Atlantis rather than renting a place in the city limits where they work. As many of us do currently in our own lives we usually cant afford to live in the city or argona where the best jobs are. I am a prime example, I commute 50 miles one way to work as its where the best salary is. I live in an area where housing and rents are affordable and the overall cost of living is cheaper too. In the simulation, the government put a cap of $1550 for the monthly rent of a two bedroom apartment. This was meant to consent to middle class families and individuals the opportunity to live where they work. Because of the rent cap, Goodlife didnt rent out every apartment available as profits would not be able to keep up with the maintenance cost of having every unit rented.When we look at what a shift in supply and demand cut we see that clearly when Lintech Inc. moved into Atlantis creating more jobs. As soon asLintech did this it increased the population of Atlantis which was the shift in the supply curve. This was a negative bear upon for Goodlife as there was more population needing apartments and not enough two bedroom apartments available. The demand curve now goes up because of the population growth and need for more apartments.With Lintech moving into the city and the population now increasing the demand it means that the measurement demand is now more than quantity supplied at the headmaster remainder. This also caused a temporary shortage in the market of two bedrooms apartments in Atlantis. Rental rates went up due to the higher demand. Also quantity demand decreased and quantity supplied increases which leads to a reduction of apartments or shortage of apartments. To get to the unused equilibrium the adjustment needs to get between the new demand curve and the original supply curve. When the new equilibrium is reached the rental rates are now higher than they were before. This also means that the number of apartments th at are demanded and the supply of apartments has also increased.I can apply this supply and demand to my workplace job. When I make believe a customer that wants to ship more packages with us on a new daily bases I have to look at the new demand. Before their demand for shipping more I didnt need extra couriers and trucks to handle the days deliveries. Now with the new demand I have to get my supply of couriers and trucks at the last minute. This causes me to have to spend more money to rent more vans and hire more employees. Overall my cost go up with the demand of more shipping packages, but so does my profit as I am able to use more supplies to handle the new demand.To better understand how the concept of microeconomics helps me understand the factors that impinge on shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity I have to look at the competitors and their prices. The bidding for the competition and where it comes across the equilibrium is the point at which the new equilibrium is now. But under the view of macroeconomics it is seen when the jobs and population grew. This effected the increase and decrease on the available apartments. Now the equilibriumfor rentals is higher then it was before the move in by Lintech. So is the number of apartments demanded and supplies has increased.In the simulation we saw how with lower prices meant that the demand was higher. But with the demand for apartments came higher prices. But if the price was to increase too much the demand for apartments would decrease. There is also a possibility that it could remain the same over a short period of time, then decrease if prices didnt change.This simulation showed lots of possibilities that could exists in todays world, or at least in Atlantis. We see what price could do to supply and demand for apartments and what demand could do to price and supply. When either is moved or switched leads to various outcomes the will lead an economy same(p) Atlantis to eit her run out of its supply of apartments or have an increase in supply of apartments because the prices are too high.ReferenceMicroeconomics, Ninth Edition, David C. Colander (2013) University of capital of Arizona

Organizational Structure Paper Essay

The linked States army is one of many legal types of organizations of the armed forces and has been since June 1775. It is the largest and oldest of all(a) the break upes of the forces and continues to dominate all threats aimed at the fall in States on board the Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Marines. Like many other organizations in the United States, the U.S host has a grammatical construction of its own. From the top down, it functions as any other organization, but unlike most, every atom of its team carries rank and has a chain of command to abide by. In the following I bequeath describe and evaluate the structure and functions within the United States Army, compare it to its fellow branches, and explain its organizational build that has been the primary reason Americans build been kept free from tyranny and enjoy the freedoms taken for granted every day.Army organisational StructureThe United States Army has a structure that starts as high as the President of the United States down to the newest and youngest retrieve soldier. Its organizational structure far exceeds that or your local likeness Wal-Mart, yet has far less employees. As of 2014, the U.S Army has a total strength of on or about 1,130,000 soldiers, that which include the Army National Guard and Army Reserve units (The Official Homepage of the UnitedStates Army, 2014).Other than the President of the United States, orders go downhill following the Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Army, Joint promontory of Staffs, then along to Regional Commands stationed globally. on that pointafter, divisions are formed by brigades, which control battalions beneath them, formed by several units or companies of soldiers organized accordingly into platoons. Attempting to explain the organizational structure of an entire military branch would be rather extensive and complicated, therefore the following will breakdown the basic structure of a U.S Army company.Similar to nonmilitary organiza tions, the U.S Army has a structure that coincides with one another to be capable to function properly. No matter the type of battalion, either it consist of Armored, Infantry, Airborne, or Calvary soldiers, a home plate company is and always will be the core to a battalion. That company staffs a variety of soldiers with position jobs that range from administration (S1), intelligence (S2), training and operations (S3), logistics (S4), communication (S6), medical, mechanic, and any other type of military occupational specialty (MOS) that primarily functions to turn out its entire battalion. All these so called S Shops work alongside each other and handle the day to day business as well as go down units for training exercises and overseas deployments.Similar organizations that resemble the U.S Army would be that of the Marine Corps and the Navy. Even though these branches fight to defend the United States and its interest right alongside the U.S Army, each of their mission stateme nt differs slightly. The United States Marine Corps works closely with the U.S Navy when it comes to training and struggle deployments. Like the U.S Army, they both have similar rank structures that move up the chain of command until it hits the President of the United States. A some differences between these branches though, the Marine Corp Commandant answer fors directly to the Secretary of the Navy, as does the U.S Navy, unlike the U.S Army, which reports to the Secretary of the Army.Organizational FunctionsThe United States Army has many functions that influence its determination on keeping its soldiers properly trained, physically and mentally tough, and readily available to deploy within a few days of after being called for combat operations. To be able to train a soldier, willing and able men and women must first affiance into the U.S Army. No matter their reasons of joining, either school or patriotism, they are all trained as equals. For this to happen, market campaign s must be advertised to be able to recruit. Television commercials demonstrate briefly the life of a soldier and the benefits, not save to him/herself, but their families and the courage it takes to join the Army of One. Recruiters often prate local high schools in attempts to enlist soon to be high school graduates. Others wander near shopping malls handing out brochures, speaking to interested men and women on what it takes to be a soldier.All this is only possible if the United States Army is financially able. Like all other organizations, they must follow a specific budget that continuously gets cut for political reasons. The U.S Army has an estimate number of soldiers that it can recruit and have enlisted at true times beneath the units structural guidelines. These numbers and structure fall under the Table of Organization and Equipment (TOE). An excess of soldiers in various units account for numerous war time enlistments aimed at maintaining strength in numbers. But what happens when there are no more wars to be fought? Excess soldiers of certain military occupational specialties are deemed unnecessary and honorably discharged before their end of term is officially over. On the civilian side, this is known as downsizing.The army chain of command is what keeps the U.S Army organized and disciplined. non all orders given are always performed to the letter and many are sometimes unjustified. For these reasons, there is similarly a human resources de set offment within a battalion. When some issues need greater attention and not are able to be handled within a unit, the Post Inspector General can be contacted. The Inspector General, or IG, help enforce all army regulations that involve soldiers of any rank and as well as their familieswhen need be.IG helps assist commanders in handling punishments, what is allowed, and what actions are authorized in simply heavy(p) a soldier temporarily or discharging him/her from return. Usually, when IG is cont acted, it is for negative reasons, but there always has to be a strong hand to enforce and influence the continuous control of soldiers, from Private to Captains, regulations know no rank. Following rules are important for the sustainment of the organizational structure and daily operations.Organizational DesignThere are several organizational designs that best suit the United States Armys needs and support its organizational structure. Just one would not suffice to assist the U.S Army market its branch of usefulness and promote the value of its organization. Stating the obvious, the U.S Army was born in the United States, yet has bases worldwide. later wars fought in a number of different countries, the U.S Army has made it a point to continue showing its presence by establishing bases in countries such as Germany, Korea, Japan, Afghanistan, and Iraq, giving the United States a geographical advantage.The product it provides consist of client based relations supporting and defendi ng the citizens of our country. Army bases overseas report to their Regional Commands depending on the part of the world they are based. This structure continues to allow generals abroad to command its bases yet still must report to the higher echelon in Washington D.C. The fact to remember is, the United States Army is an organization that does not interchange material products, but creates soldiers out of men and women to continue fighting, defending, and preserving our land of the free and home of the brave.ConclusionAfter 239 years serving our country, the United States Army has long proved to Americans that it is a force to be reckoned with. The structure used today has allowed the armed forces to control, enforce, and withstand all others when threatened. Throughout the years all other branches of serviceevolved to create a team that no other country on earth can match. With all these organizations united, it is doubtful that the United States of America will continue to rule as the superior force on earth and will remain that way for all time.ReferencesBusiness Dictionary. (2014).The Official Homepage of the United States Army. (2014).Retrieved from http//www.army.mil/

Leed Certification Essay

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is two a superior support in sustainable readying practices, and a grading scale on a structures environmental impact and sustainability (USGBC, 2008). A LEED certified professional is recognized as having completed the required wrangle of curriculum in LEED and has successfully passed the LEED Certification exam. This allows a LEED certified professional to be able to work with colleagues of the twist industry in all aspects of a project to kick downstairs a LEED certified structure.Using LEED ensures a structure to be envisioned and built with the utmost solicitude to detail to assure that the structure is as environmentally friendly as possible. LEED Rating Systems exist for any ara of the verbalism industry and range from the interior finishes of commercial grammatical constructions right down to resource expending and health risks of residential structures (USGBC, 2008). The LEED certification exam covers the entirety o f the LEED AP Handbook as well as some(prenominal) industry pattern construction practices.The exam and handbook together will run almost $700 for a non- USGBC member to take and nearly $600 for members of both the USGBC and GBCI to take (GreenBuild, 2008). The exam is very rigorous and the study season required to take the exam is substantial. Most people take about 2 months of 20 a week study time to prepare for the exam (GBCI, 2008). Contrary to popular belief, graceful LEED Certified is non something that a somebody achieves, but it is the edifice that achieves it. The process of LEED certification has five different categories that insure that the build is a gullible building.There are five categories that are taken into account when building a LEED certified structure. They are sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. This fashion that if all of these categories are met the building will be c onsidered Green. It sounds easy, but is not that simple because there are different stages of cosmos certified. The building is then, as the USGBC website says LEED certification provides independent, third-party verification that a building project supports the highest unripened building and mental process measures.All certified projects receive a LEED plaque, which is the nationally recognized symbol demonstrating that a building is environmentally responsible, profitable and a healthy place to live and work. (GBCI, 2008). The way that professionals achieve the ability to certify building is through attending LEED specific classes that are offered on the USGBC website. The USGBCs website provides many a(prenominal) different ways to nonplus an accredited LEED professional. The first way is through online runnings that are self-paced learning. The second way is through in plate seminars.The online option offers one-third different classes to help increase an individuals k nowledge. The first course is the cytosine level, awareness. This course is highly recommended for anyone who wants to take the more than advanced 200 or 300 level courses. This course introduces a soulfulness to the principles of Green building and overly serves as a base in which the person is able to build off of. The next Level of LEED certification is the 200 level, Understanding. In this level the person begins to take courses that deepen their knowledge of LEED and Green building.The first course on this level is the Essentials of LEED Professional Accreditation. This course was developed for people getting ready to take the LEED Accredited Professional exam. The next two unless help the person understand Green building even more. They are LEED for Homes Program Review and LEED for popular Contractors/Construction Managers. The third and final level, 300 Level Application & Implementation offers several courses that offer courses that manage the student apply their kno wledge to real life situations and it challenges them to apply what they learned in the 200 level (GBCI, 2008).There are many different benefits that you croup achieve by being having a LEED Certification. It proves to many people that you have achieved your environmental goals. Having a LEED Certification means that you have many government incentives, market benefits, and increased property values, which can help, boost the presses interest in your current project. Building green can also greatly reduce the cost to construction managers and tenants (USGBC, 2008). There are four different levels of certification that you can achieve. These are Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum.Each level has its own special incentives to it. To gain a higher rank you must accumulate credits. To accumulate credits you must have certain standards in your projects that benefit the environment. These represent of sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources , and indoor environmental quality (GBCI, 2008). Green Buildings can help the demesne in so many ways. Being certified means that you build more environmentally friendly, which means that building green friendly can reduce the negative effect buildings and operations have on the environment.Also green building greatly decreases the chances of fire, explosions, spills or splashes. Building green also reduces health problems such(prenominal) as allergies. Finally, if youre building green it calls for green cleaning. This means that the products used in cleaning these green buildings are also very environmentally safe. For example a stain on a cover is taken care of with a mild cleaner. This not only protects the environment but can also help protect the furnishings in the long run (USGBC, 2008). Commissioning is a prerequisite of the LEED process.Commissioning involves an extraneous team of individuals that is not part of the design and construction team. The area of responsibility is to ensure compliance of organic building elements and systems with the LEED guidelines. The estimate commissioning cost is to be in the range of 0. 5 percent to three percent of construction be (DCD, 2008). LEED has certain requirements on architects and engineers because these designers must assess how a project could scoop attain certification and prepare the design and specifications to reflect these additional requirements.In either case, participating in the LEED process adds time and effort to the design and specification phase of a project. The estimate is that traditional design be range from eight to twelve percent of construction costs, and then the additional design costs for green buildings are in the range of 0. 4 percent to 0. 6 percent of the total construction cost. A significant weigh down of the LEED system is the need to document compliance with the various criteria in order to submit a package to the GBC for review and a decision on certification.This req uires the establishment of a introduce and reporting system, which is often performed by a LEED consultant, rather than the design and construction team itself, and the tracking down of information that otherwise is not standard practice in specifying or sourcing systems and materials. The estimate of reenforcement and application fees as a percentage of total construction costs were found to be the costs averaged 0. 7 percent of construction costs with a range from 0. 05 percent for a very bouffant project to 3. 8 percent for a very small one (DCD, 2008). Where is LEED certification taking the construction industry?So far, businesses and governments worldwide are taking advantage of expiration green and looking into LEED. several(prenominal) LEED certified buildings have already been built, but the future for green buildings is just now getting started. The foregone decade in green building has been a revolution in the construction industry and has no indication of a slow down . With numerous grants available for LEED projects by Governments and green organizations, LEED certified buildings are becoming more realistic and within reasonable costs to construct. We are just in the dawning of the green age and things are just starting to catch on with LEED.With new technologies, techniques, and equipment being invented all of the time, going green is becoming easier faster (Botelho, 2007). As for the future of the LEED industry, Governments are now starting to place requirements on construction projects to comply with their green specifications. Sometime in the future, every building constructed will have to meet Government specified codes that pertain to LEED. All of this is for the benefit of the environment and aims towards a better and healthier world (Botelho, 2007). In conclusion, LEED is taking the industry in a new direction and could someday be the standard for building any structure. Most professionals support the idea and there should be a take-of f for green building in the near future. As for the cost, it ends up paying for itself over a period of time. LEED is proving more and more reasons why the construction industry needs to start adapting to the green future.

Cosmopolitans and Locals

Cosmopolitans and locals If thither were only locals in the world, world ending would be no more than the sum of its separate separate. Hannerz 1990249 Ulf Hannerz (1990) argues that the world culture is created through the increasing interconnectedness of varied local cultures where community connect in disparate ways. He uses Robert Mertons cosmopolitan-local distinctions in a global context, to describe how people identify themselves with the global or not.The term cosmopolitan is a lot used rather loosely to describe just about anybody who moves around in the world. But of such people, Hannerz argue some would seem more cosmopolitans than others and others again hardly cosmopolitans at all. He describes a genuine cosmopolitanism as first of all an orientation a willingness to engage with the other. The willingness to become bear on with the other, and the concern with achieving competence in cultures, which are initially alien, is central.Being on the move is not affluent to turn into a cosmopolitan. Due to this Hannerz ask a crucial question Are tourists, exiles, business people and labour migrants cosmopolitans? And if not Why? A contemporary writer, Paul Theroux (1986), comments that many people travel for the conclusion of radical incontrovertible. They seem cosmopolitans but are really locals at heart. Spain is home plus sunshine, India is home plus servants etc. For business people travel is ideally home plus more and better business.The plus has often nothing to do with alien systems of meaning, and a lot to do with facts of nature, such as nice beaches or sunshine. The exiles are often no real cosmopolitan either, because their social function with an alien culture is something that has been forced on them. At best, life in another country is home plus safety or home plus freedom. For labour migrants going away may be home plus higher income and their involvement with another culture is a necessary cost to be kept as low as possible (Hann erz 1990).Transnational cultures today tend to be occupational cultures (and are often tied to multinational job markets). Konrad (1984) emphasises the multinational culture of intellectuals for instance. The global flow of information proceeds on many different technical and institutional levels, but on all levels the intellectuals are the unrivaleds who know most about one another across the frontiers, who keep in touch with one another, and who feel that they are one anothers ally Konrad 1984 208Hannerz add that there are transnational occupational cultures also of bureaucrats, politicians, business people, journalists and diplomats, and various others. These people supplanting their bases for longer periods within their lives and wherever they go theyll find others who will interact with them in the terms of specialize but collectively held understandings. Hannerz argue that because of the transnational cultures, a large number of people are at present systematically and directly involved with more than one culture.The transnational and territorial cultures of the world are mingled with one another in manifold ways. Some transnational cultures are more insulated from local practises than others and the transnational cultures are also as wholes usually more marked by some territorial culture than by others. However, most of them are in different ways extensions or transformations of the culture of Western europium and North America.

Proctor tears up his confession particularly dramatic? Essay

The informant quotes, He has lifted her, and kisses her with great passion. This shows the affection that we previously have non proben in scenes, so this sequence is dramatic. Also, the way that the earshot would be able to physically see their love for each opposite adds intensity to the moment. varan experiences a moral dilemma by dint of constant questioning. He is interrogated, What is John reminder? This succumbs the impression that he is not seen as a person, but more as a symbol of what he represents. This is significant because to some, his religious virtues are questioned because of witchcraft.Secondly, Elizabeth forgiving him exaggerates the fact he deceived his wife. Also, the way he is charge of being a liar is compromised by the testifyion. This is dramatic because all these different themes rolled into one, make the audience engrossed in the play to discover what will actually happen to him. In the last act, we see that Hale feels it his fault that popula tion are dying, so he tries to make Elizabeth persuade John to confess by saying, I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Nevertheless, Proctor says, Spite only keeps me silent, its had to give a lie to dogs. At this point, we see Proctor taking the moral high ground, but also confessing by the way he says a lie. He is basically telling the people that it is spartan to lie to people, who already lie themselves. Hale is trying to make Proctor lie with them. However, Proctor refuses to be forced into the lies. This is dramatic because it shows Proctor to be a person of great courage as he is being pressurised into this culture of lies, when he wants accuracy. Towards the end of the play, Proctor sees that he has confessed to himself and God, and believes this is enough. He then says, God does not need my name nailed upon the church.This would give the impression that he is comparing himself to Jesus as he was nailed to the cross. Proctor is sacrificing his own life , by convicting himself for other people. This is dramatic since it gives a theme of spiritual drama to the play. The entire climax of the story is when Proctor does actually tear up the confession in front of Danforth. Proctor tears the paper and crumples it, and he is weeping in fury. This symbolises as he rips up this confession, it is as though he is also tearing his life away for the truth. Proctor And theres your send-off marvel, that I can.This suggests that although he may be condemned to death, he can see that it is the right thing to do. It is dramatic because he once had a strong presence and now that he is faced with death, death rate makes him question himself. In contrast, he regains his virtue. In conclusion, the theme of the play was rising over adversity, and standing for the truth even till death. John had the chance to free himself, by signing the confession and living a lie. At the trial he stood up for what he believed in, and died a righteous man. He learnt what truth meant through his suffering.This could be compared with how Jesus suffered, which reflects the depth of his religious beliefs to the audience. Through Proctors struggle, milling machine displays the struggles within people of today. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. It shows we can be forgiven by doing what is right. Overall, we experience an telling piece of drama. Charlotte Hamil Year 10 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This pupil written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.